Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains an effective treatment modality for curative post-remission therapy for AML patients. Recent scientific and clinical advances in supportive care, donor selection, and conditioning regimens have decreased transplant-related mortality, an extension of HSCT to elderly patients, and improvements in survival rate. The molecular pathology of AML is studied extensively in the past decade provided with explosive information. Still, relapse remains the most important cause for failure of the treatment. It is expected that a majority of eligible patients can receive HSCT in first complete remission (CR1) by early identification of patients at a high risk of relapse. Newer conditioning regimens have been explored to improve transplant outcomes in AML. In this paper, we review recent advances in HSCT for high-intermediate and low-risk AML in CR1, for relapsed AML and the older patients, and summarize the latest approaches and provide future direction in the transplantation for patients with AML.