Background: The intestinal parasites of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are among the major causes of diarrhea throughout the world. Despite the remarkable development of diagnostic methods for parasitic diseases and the continuous awareness of their treatment and control, which led to a clear reduction in the spread of these diseases in a number of developed and industrial countries. However, parasitic diseases of all types continue to be a major health problem in many countries.

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence and risk of E. histolytica and G. lamblia in Erbil City.

Results: Out of (12944) samples examined, 1086 (8.39%) were positive by direct microscopic examination, the parasitic species found in the fecal sample were E. histolytica (74.40%), G. lamblia (25.23%). The prevalence rate of parasitic infection among females (12.87%) was higher than males (7.97%) with a statistically significant difference. According to months the result showed no significant difference, but the highest rate of infection was recorded in May (9.81%) and lowest rate was observed in January (6.62%). Nanakaly Hospital, showed the higher percentage of infection (38.71), while percentage of infection decreased to (8.24%) in Public health laboratory. Double infection with intestinal protozoa were also recorded in (0.37%).

Conclusion: According to our study throughout the year, E. histolytica has the highest rate followed by G. lamblia with female being more commonly infected. Also the single infections were more commonly observed while double infections were rare.