International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research  |  e-ISSN: 2582-8940  |  Double-Blind Peer Review  |  Open Access  |  CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

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     2026:7/4

International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research

e-ISSN: 2582-8940 | Open Access

Fungal load evaluation of the leave and fruit extracts of Vitex Doniana (black plum) using three basic phyto-medicinal preparatory protocols

Hassan AU, Girbobo BU, Umar SI

Department of Biotechnology, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria; Department of Plant Science, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria

Article Information

Volume / Issue4 / 1 (January-March 2023)
Pages05-10
AccessOpen Access

Publication Timeline

  • Received20 November 2022
  • Accepted08 December 2022

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Abstract

The studies were carried out to determine the phytochemical content and fungi using different solvents and drying methods of leafs and fruits sample of black plum (V. doniana). The research was conducted at laboratory of plant biology department, Bayero University Kano. The results shows that, alkaloid (1.31± 0.02). Flavonoid (0.40±0.01) saponin (0.139± 0.02), tannin (0.80± 0.01) phenol (0.09± 0.001) quinone, glycoside and terpenoid were present in the leave extract of black plum (vitex doniane). The leaves of this plant contain highest percentage of alkaloid (1.31± 0.02) when compared with rest. Higher number of phytochemicals were found present in the shade dried extract followed by oven dried and sun dried extracts. Fungi such as Penicillium spp (66.7%) and Madurella spp. (33.3%) were found present in shade dried but Fusarium spp (25%), Penicillium spp (25%), Aspergillus spp (25%) and Rhizoctonia spp. (25%) were presence in oven dried sample. The sun dried leafs sample shows the presence of Mucor spp. (40%), Fusarium spp (20%) and Penicillium spp (40%). The highest percentage of contaminant fungi such as Penicillium (66.7%) was observed in the shade dried sample. But the isolated fungi from fresh fruits sample, shows the presence of Aspergillus niger (33.3%), Alternaria brassica (25%), Mucor Racemosa (8.3%), Aspergillus flavus (16.7%) and Rhizopus stolonifer (16.7%) fruits of this plant contain high percentage of Aspergillus Niger (33.3%). It is lastly concluded that, the shade dried and sun dried methods should be used with caution in Phyto-medicines as there is a clear risk of causing further health problems, but rather the oven dried method as it contains the less percentage of toxic fungi.

 

Keywords

V. donianafungal contaminationfungiPhyto-medicine

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How to Cite

AU, H., BU, G., & SI, U. (2023). Fungal load evaluation of the leave and fruit extracts of Vitex Doniana (black plum) using three basic phyto-medicinal preparatory protocols. International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research, 4(1), 05-10.

AU, Hassan, et al. "Fungal load evaluation of the leave and fruit extracts of Vitex Doniana (black plum) using three basic phyto-medicinal preparatory protocols." International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research, vol. 4, no. 1, 2023, pp. 05-10.

AU, H., BU, G. and SI, U. (2023) 'Fungal load evaluation of the leave and fruit extracts of Vitex Doniana (black plum) using three basic phyto-medicinal preparatory protocols', International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research, 4(1), pp. 05-10.

AU H, BU G, SI U. Fungal load evaluation of the leave and fruit extracts of Vitex Doniana (black plum) using three basic phyto-medicinal preparatory protocols. International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research. 2023;4(1):05-10.

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