International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research  |  e-ISSN: 2582-8940  |  Double-Blind Peer Review  |  Open Access  |  CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

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     2026:7/4

International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research

e-ISSN: 2582-8940 | Open Access

Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with covid-19 in the first hundred days of Covid 19 pandemic. What do we know so far? An analysis of the first 100 days of covid19 pandemic, lessons which we learnt and the future direction

Suresh Ponnada, Saurabh Chandan, Shahab R Khan, Gurusaravanan Kutti Sridharan, Rajesh Kotagiri, Ojasvini Choudhry Chandan, Ritika Ohri, Gita Verma, Maham Farshidpour, Veeraraghavan Meyyur Aravamudan, Ekta Bansal, Babu P Mohan

Internal Medicine, Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital, Roanoke, Virginia, USA; Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.; Internal Medicine, University of Arizona-Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Nephrology, University of Arizona-Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Rheumatology, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; Internal Medicine, Woodlands Hospital, Singapore.; Infectious Diseases, Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital, Roanoke, Virginia, USA

Article Information

Volume / Issue2 / 3 (July-September 2021)
Pages50-58
AccessOpen Access

Publication Timeline

  • Received06 August 2021
  • Accepted23 August 2021

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Abstract

Background & Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has rapidly become a pandemic.rn We conducted this study to appraise the current data on the disease by meta-analysis and meta-regression methods. rnMethods: We conducted a comprehensive search of several databases for the first hundred days of COVID19 from inception to March 25 2020 to include studies reporting clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The pooled rate of occurrence of various clinical symptoms, clinical work-up, complications, and death were calculated. Random effects model was used and heterogeneity was assessed by I2% values and 95% prediction interval. rnResults: A total of 27 studies including 4077 patients were included in our final analysis. Based on our analysis, the pooled rates of fever, cough and myalgia/fatigue were 82.6% (CI 74.5-88.5), 63% (CI 57.4-68.2) and 29.5% (CI 22.3-37.9). Lymphopenia was noted in 57.5% (CI 44.5-69.5) and elevated CRP in 66.4% (CI 55.4-75.8). Ground glass opacities were seen in 62.8% (CI 52.3-72.2) and bilateral pneumonia in 75.8% (CI 66.6-83). Based on meta-regression analysis, supplemental oxygen use, and increased antiviral use with minimal steroids seem to reduce rate of death. rnConclusion: Fever, cough and fatigue are the most common symptoms of COVID-19. Lymphopenia and elevated CRP are the most common laboratory findings. Diffuse ground glass opacities and bilateral pneumonia are the most common radiological findings. Supplemental oxygen therapy and antivirals with cautious use of steroids seem to reduce the rate of death.

Keywords

Covid-19

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How to Cite

Ponnada, S., Chandan, S., Khan, S. R., Sridharan, G. K., Kotagiri, R., Chandan, O. C., Ohri, R., Verma, G., Farshidpour, M., Aravamudan, V. M., Bansal, E., & Mohan, B. P. (2021). Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with covid-19 in the first hundred days of Covid 19 pandemic. What do we know so far? An analysis of the first 100 days of covid19 pandemic, lessons which we learnt and the future direction. International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research, 2(3), 50-58.

Ponnada, Suresh, et al. "Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with covid-19 in the first hundred days of Covid 19 pandemic. What do we know so far? An analysis of the first 100 days of covid19 pandemic, lessons which we learnt and the future direction." International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research, vol. 2, no. 3, 2021, pp. 50-58.

Ponnada, S., Chandan, S., Khan, S. R., Sridharan, G. K., Kotagiri, R., Chandan, O. C., Ohri, R., Verma, G., Farshidpour, M., Aravamudan, V. M., Bansal, E. and Mohan, B. P. (2021) 'Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with covid-19 in the first hundred days of Covid 19 pandemic. What do we know so far? An analysis of the first 100 days of covid19 pandemic, lessons which we learnt and the future direction', International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research, 2(3), pp. 50-58.

Ponnada S, Chandan S, Khan SR, Sridharan GK, Kotagiri R, Chandan OC, et al. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with covid-19 in the first hundred days of Covid 19 pandemic. What do we know so far? An analysis of the first 100 days of covid19 pandemic, lessons which we learnt and the future direction. International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research. 2021;2(3):50-58.

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