Background: βT is a genetic disease of the chromosomes. As long as normal RBCs are present, the normal red blood cells do not last long and do not function properly. Pure group patients (extended Rh + Kell matching) had lower biochemical, hematological, and alloimmunization complications, while Traditional group patients (ABO + RhD only) showed higher rates of these risk particulary immune activation. Therefore, extended matching remains the safer strategy.
Material and method: A total of 180 samples were collected from patients with beta-thalassemia at Ibn Al-Baladi Specialized Center for Genetic and Hematological Diseases. The samples were divided into three groups: 60 patients who received extended Rh (D, C, c, E, e) and Kell-matched blood, 60 patients who received routine ABO and RhD-matched blood, and 60 healthy individuals as the control group. Serum samples were processed for biochemical analysis (urea, creatinine, TSB, ALT, AST, iron, and ferritin), while whole blood was used for CBC analysis.
Results: TSB levels were higher in the Traditional group; blood parameters (RBC, HGB, and iron) showed greater deterioration, and outcomes were closer to the control group in several markers (ALT, TSB) and fewer alloimmunization complications.
Conclusion: Extended antigen matching can improve long-term patient outcomes by enhancing hematological and biochemical stability.