<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.2/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJMABHR</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>IJMABHR</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2582-8940</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Anfo Publication House</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">423</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54660/IJMBHR.2026.7.1.48-53</article-id>
<title-group><article-title>The Effect of a Mobile-Based Application to Train Dental Students in the Field of Grinding and Preparing Decayed Teeth</article-title></title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kohzadi</surname><given-names>Zahra</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kabiri</surname><given-names>Hosein</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feili</surname><given-names>Fahimeh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Oral and dental health research center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Assistant Professor of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>48</fpage>
<lpage>53</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date>
</history>
<permissions><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/?utm"><license-p>CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</license-p></license></permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://www.allmedicaljournal.com/article/423/the-effect-of-a-mobile-based-application-to-train-dental-students-in-the-field-of-grinding-and"/>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://www.allmedicaljournal.com/article/423/download"/>
<abstract><p>Dental students face multiple challenges in mastering practical skills like cavity preparation for decayed teeth. This study, therefore, aimed to design, develop, and produce a mobile-based application for grinding and preparing decayed teeth. Executed via an applied-developmental approach across needs assessment, design/development, and evaluation phases, an Android application was created after confirming necessity with students and faculty. The final evaluation showed user acceptance regarding educational and graphical capabilities. Results indicate superior performance in graphics, with high satisfaction in image clarity (90.9%) and navigation ease (81.8%). Educationally, the application was highly successful in improving fundamental concepts like achieving clear gingival contours and controlling cavity width, though it showed less efficacy in complex skills like proximal box depth. Content-wise, 81.8% found the material adequate, but 54.6% called for more specialized content, and only 45.5% deemed it suitable for the general public. Overall, the mean score for Graphical Capabilities (41.18) was significantly higher than Educational Capabilities (30.27), indicating greater success in technical implementation than core content depth. The study concludes that the needs assessment identified five key educational priorities, and the application proved successful in enhancing foundational skills like clear gingival preparation and rounding line angles. This study is a software design and implementation that is innovative.</p></abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>Educational Design</kwd><kwd>Mobile</kwd><kwd>Restorative Skills</kwd><kwd>Decayed Tooth Preparation</kwd></kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back><ref-list><title>References</title>
<ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation>Tran TD, Vu PM, Pham HTM, Au LN, Do HP, Doan HTT, et al. Transforming medical education to strengthen the health professional training in Viet Nam: A case study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2022;27:100543.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation>Tabatabaei SH, Ebrahimi E, Heydari S, Owlia F. Self-efficacy of dental students in dealing with oral pathologic lesions in Yazd dental faculty in 2023-2024. Journal of Dental Medicine. 2025;38.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation>Elani HW, Allison PJ, Kumar RA, Mancini L, Lambrou A, Bedos C. A systematic review of stress in dental students. J Dent Educ. 2014;78(2):226-242.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation>Alzahem A, Van der Molen H, Alaujan A, Schmidt H, Zamakhshary M. Stress amongst dental students: a systematic review. Eur J Dent Educ. 2011;15(1):8-18.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation>Akbari M, Nejat A, Dastorani S, Rouhani A. Evaluation of stress level and related factors among students of Mashhad Dental School (Iran) in academic year of 2008-2009. J Mashhad Dent Sch. 2011;35(3):165-176.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation>Dadgaran I, Neshandar Asli H, Moshkbouy E, Hendi A. Design, implementation, and evaluation of a one-week early clinical exposure (ECE) program for preclinical dental students at Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Research in Medical Education. 2025;17(4):59-66.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation>Kazemizadeh Z, Bakhshi H. Dental environment stress and students&apos; personality in Rafsanjan Dentistry School. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2011;11(5):467-477.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation>Owlia F, Katiraei P, Namayandeh SM, Kazemipoor M. Comparison of lecture and team-based learning methods, a novel strategy in dental education: Experience of Yazd Dental School. Research in Medical Education. 2023;15(3):61-70.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation>Ditmyer MM, Mobley CC, Davenport WD. Evaluation of an integrative model for professional development and research in a dental curriculum. J Dent Educ. 2014;78(3):368-379.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation>Preston R, Gratani M, Owens K, Roche P, Zimanyi M, Malau-Aduli B. Exploring the impact of assessment on medical students’ learning. Assess Eval Higher Educ. 2020;45(1):109-124.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation>Martínez Abad F, Chaparro Caso López AA. Data-mining techniques in detecting factors linked to academic achievement. School Effectiveness and School Improvement. 2017;28(1):39-55.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation>Zakso A, Agung I, Sofyatiningrum E, Calvin Capnary M. Factors affecting character education in the development of the profile of Pancasila students: The case of Indonesia. Journal of Positive School Psychology. 2022;6(2).</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation>El Tantawi MM. Factors affecting postgraduate dental students’ performance in a biostatistics and research design course. J Dent Educ. 2009;73(5):614-623.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation>Yazdankhahfard M, Ravanipour M, Mirzaei K. The gap in the clinical learning environment: The viewpoints of nursing students. J Educ Health Promot. 2020;9:311.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation>Pirmoazzen S, Razikazemi Z, Hashemikamangar S. Efficacy of providing a study guide with smart phone, based on Tritapp application (social special medical network software) in fundamental endodontic course. Research in Medical Education. 2022;14(4):16-24.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation>Mohammed GS, Wakil K, Nawroly SS. The effectiveness of microlearning to improve students’ learning ability. International Journal of Educational Research Review. 2018;3(3):32-38.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation>Kanagavel R, Velayutham C. Impact of social networking on college students: a comparative study in India and The Netherlands. International Journal of Virtual Communities and Social Networking (IJVCSN). 2010;2(3):55-67.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation>Navabi ZS, Ahmadi A, Sabri MR. Design and evaluation of a mobile phone-based oral health educational application for children and adolescents with congenital heart defects. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion. 2024;11(4):434-464.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation>Kumar Basak S, Wotto M, Bélanger P. E-learning, M-learning and D-learning: Conceptual definition and comparative analysis. E-Learning and Digital Media. 2018;15(4):191-216.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation>Ma T, Wang H, Wei M, Lan T, Wang J, Bao S, et al. Application of smart-phone use in rapid food detection, food traceability systems, and personalized diet guidance, making our diet more health. Food Res Int. 2022;152:110918.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation>Navabi ZS, Ahmadi A, Sabri MR. Design and evaluation of a mobile phone-based oral health educational application for children and adolescents with congenital heart defects. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion. 2024;11(4):434-464.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation>Talebi F, Ebrahimipour S, Sharifzadeh G. Evaluation of the effect of education of prssoper oral hygiene via virtual reality simulation on dental plaque in high school students. Journals of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2021;28(2):158-169.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation>Naderi F, Ayati M, Zare Bidaki M, Akbari Bourang M. The effect of mobile learning on metacognitive self-regulation and attitudes of students of allied health sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research www.allmedicaljournal.com 2014;13(12):1001-1010.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation>Ravanbakhsh ME, Najjari B, Bijari B. The effect of mobile application education on learning community medicine course in internship students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Horizon of Medical Education Development. 2022;13(2):39-49.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation>Chandran VP, Balakrishnan A, Rashid M, Pai Kulyadi G, Khan S, Devi ES, et al. Mobile applications in medical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022;17(3):e0265927.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R26"><label>26</label><mixed-citation>Mohammadimehr M, Taghipour K. The effectiveness of e-learning in bacteriology course based on constructivism vs. cognitivism. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2016;16:251-262.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="R27"><label>27</label><mixed-citation>Marzuki MFM, Yaacob NA, bin Yaacob NM, Hassan MRA, Ahmad SB. Usable mobile app for community education on colorectal cancer: development process and usability study. JMIR Hum Factors. 2019;6(2):e12103.</mixed-citation></ref>
</ref-list></back>
</article>