IJMABHR International Journal of Medical and All Body Health ResearchIJMABHR 2582-8940 Anfo Publication House 392 10.54660/IJMBHR.2025.6.3.260-266 Evaluation of Melasma Severity through Serum 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine Biomarker and MC1R Gene Polymorphisms (rs1805006, rs772551710): A Case–Control Study in Adult Women: A Case-Control Study of Women in Baghdad MuhsenSeham A AlwasitiEstabraq AR FarhoodIqbal Ghalib Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq Department of Dermatologist, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq 17072025 6 3 260 266 21052025 22062025 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Melasma is a chronic hyperpigmentation condition caused by ultraviolet (UV) exposure, light skin pigmentation, and variations in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene. Clinically, it manifests in mandibular, malar, and centrofacial patterns. The study aims to clarify whether elevated levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker correlate with increased melasma severity and if gene polymorphism (rs1805006 and rs772551710) variations in the MC1R gene influence this relationship. In a case-control study, 120 women from 20 - 50 years 60 took part, melasma and 60 of who had been age-matched healthy controls. Clinical diagnosis was established using Wood's light examination. Tetra-ARMS PCR was used to determine the MC1R genotypes, and ELISA had been utilized to measure levels of 8-OHdG of the serum. Of statistical analyses were one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests, independent t-tests, odds ratios (OR), and confidence intervals (CI). The Results rs772551710 II genotype (OR=3.28, p=0.002) and rs1805006 CA genotype (OR=4.67, p=0.0004) were significantly associated with melasma. Serum 8-OHdG conc. was markedly increased in patients (3.80 ± 0.22 ng/mL) compared with controls (0.603 ± 0.03 ng/mL, p

 MelasmaMC1R Gene Polymorphisms rs1805006rs7725517108-OHdGElectrophoresis References Alam MB, Park NH, Song BR, Lee SH. Antioxidant potential-rich betel leaves (Piper betle L.) exert depigmenting action by triggering autophagy and downregulating MITF/tyrosinase in vitro and in vivo. Antioxidants. 2023;12(2):374. Albandar I, Mbalaha ZS. Investigating the anticancer and antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles from Rosmarinus officinalis, in vitro analysis. Basrah J Sci. 2024;42(3):501-19. Babbush KM, Babbush RA, Khachemoune A. Treatment of melasma: a review of less commonly used antioxidants. Int J Dermatol. 2021;60(2):166-73. Carratto TMT, Marcorin L, Debortoli G, Hünemeier T, Norton H, Parra EJ, Castelli EC, Mendes-Junior CT. Insights on hair, skin and eye color of ancient and contemporary Native Americans. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2020;48:102335. Deng NA, Zhou H, Fan H, Yuan Y. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility. Oncotarget. 2017;8(66):110635. Espósito ACC, Cassiano DP, da Silva CN, Lima PB, Dias JAF, Hassun K, Bagatin E, Miot LDB, Miot HA. Update on melasma—part I: pathogenesis. Dermatol Ther. 2022;12(9):1967-88. Gabash HM, Resan AZ, Awad KM, Suhim AA, Abdulameer AH. Biochemical responses of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. to combined stress of salinity and nickel. Basrah J Agric Sci. 2024;37(1):236-46. Hamashareef S, Alwasiti E, Tahseen Y, Hussein M, Al-Aubaidy H. A new stimulatory method for activation of sperm functions using Fertilaid in male infertility. 2020. Hussein NN, Marzoog TR, Al-Niaame AE. The antibacterial, antiheamolytic, and antioxidant activities of Laurus nobilis and Alhagi maurorum native to Iraq. Baghdad Sci J. 2019;16(3):707-12. Katiyar S, Yadav D. Correlation of oxidative stress with melasma: an overview. Curr Pharm Des. 2022;28(3):225-31. Khanna R, Nowah A, Morris D, Desai SR. Pathogenesis of melasma. Dermatol Rev. 2023;4(1):12-16. Lakhani R, Prakash C, Tiwari S, Purohit S, Paliwal V, Mathur DK, Bhargava P. Scoring system in dermatology: a review. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2016;15(07):89-99. Liu W, Chen Q, Xia Y. New mechanistic insights of melasma. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023:429-42. Liu X, Deng K, Chen S, Zhang Y, Yao J, Weng X, Zhang Y, Gao T, Feng G. 8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative stress in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Turk J Med Sci. 2019;49(1):93-100. Mpofana N, Chibi B, Visser T, Paulse M, Finlayson AJ, Ghuman S, Gqaleni N, Hussein AA, Dlova NC. Treatment of melasma on darker skin types: a scoping review. Cosmetics. 2023;10(1):25. Neagu N, Conforti C, Agozzino M, Marangi GF, Morariu SH, Pellacani G, Persichetti P, Piccolo D, Segreto F, Zalaudek I. Melasma treatment: a systematic review. J Dermatol Treat. 2022;33(4):1816-37. Omari Shekaftik S, Nasirzadeh N. 8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage induced by occupational exposure to nanomaterials: a systematic review. Nanotoxicology. 2021;15(6):850-64. Ozola A, Ruklisa D, Pjanova D. The complementary effect of rs1042522 in TP53 and rs1805007 in MC1R is associated with an elevated risk of cutaneous melanoma in Latvian population. Oncol Lett. 2019;18(5):5225-34. Petralia S, Vigilanza A, Sciuto E, Maffia M, Romanini A, Conoci S. The MC1R single nucleotide polymorphisms identification by DNA-microarray on miniaturized silicon chip. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2021;346:130514. Rahimi H, Mirnezami M, Yazdabadi A, Hajihashemi A. Evaluation of systemic oxidative stress in patients with melasma. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024;23(1):284-8. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1989. Sarah OTB, Tawfik AA, Soliman M, Shaarawy E, Abdallah N. A dermoscopic evaluation of melasma treated with tranexamic acid. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022;10(B):1686-91. Schmidt N, Schücker K, Krause I, Dörk T, Klintschar M, Hummel S. Genome-wide SNP typing of ancient DNA: determination of hair and eye color of Bronze Age humans from their skeletal remains. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2020;172(1):99-109. Sevilla A, Grichnik J. Therapeutic modulation of KIT ligand in melanocytic disorders with implications for mast cell diseases. Exp Dermatol. 2024;33(5):e15091. Smith DJM. The influence of non-UV wavelengths of light on skin: what constitutes a healthy level of exposure particularly in relation to melanoma. J Med Res Surg. 2021;2(S1):1-5. Suhim AA, Awad KM, Jaffer ON, Abass MH. The impact of salicylic and jasmonic acid in mitigating salinity stress on date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Barhi Cv. Basrah J Agric Sci. 2023;36(1):120-30. Suryaningsih BE, Sadewa AH, Wirohadidjojo YW, Soebono H. Association between heterozygote Val92Met MC1R gene polymorphisms with incidence of melasma: a study of Javanese women population in Yogyakarta. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019:489-95. Tariq SF, Hussein TA. Study of the immunological status of Iraqi vitiligo patients. Baghdad Sci J. 2016;13(3):454. Uzunbajakava NE, Tobin DJ, Botchkareva NV, Dierickx C, Bjerring P, Town G. Highlighting nuances of blue light phototherapy: mechanisms and safety considerations. J Biophotonics. 2023;16(2):e202200257. Wu MX, Antony R, Mayrovitz HN. Melasma: a condition of Asian skin. Cureus. 2021;13(4):e14624. Xing X, Dan Y, Xu Z, Xiang L. Implications of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:7881717. Yang J, Zeng J, Lu J. Mechanisms of ultraviolet-induced melasma formation: a review. J Dermatol. 2022;49(12):1201-10.