Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is characterized by mood disturbances and functional impairments occurring during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The prevalence and severity of PMDD significantly impact both the physical and mental well-being of young women. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PMDD among female students at Buon Ma Thuot University of Medicine and Pharmacy and to identify associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 477 female students using the Vietnamese version of the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) for PMDD assessment. The prevalence of PMDD was found to be 4.2%. Statistically significant associations were observed between PMDD and factors such as menstrual cycle length, cycle regularity, electronic device usage time, and alcohol consumption habits (p < 0.05). The prevalence of PMDD in this study was higher than that reported in several previous studies in Vietnam. These findings underscore the need for early screening and diagnosis of PMDD, as well as the importance of enhancing health communication and premenstrual counseling for female students.