The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize the importance of family planning (FP) and reproductive health in achieving sustainable development. Religion plays a crucial role in shaping attitudes towards fertility and FP, particularly in Muslim communities where religious leaders significantly influence public opinions. Their interpretations can either support or hinder the acceptance of modern contraceptive methods, often due to perceived religious restrictions. Studies from various countries reveal that while some religious leaders endorse FP, others resist it, impacting contraceptive use and women’s reproductive choices. Cultural, social, and economic factors further affect FP uptake, with misinformation and gender norms contributing to barriers. Despite religious teachings, actual contraceptive practices often differ from official doctrines. To improve FP access, policies must ensure equitable availability of affordable contraceptives for all individuals, regardless of marital status or cultural background. Promoting accurate FP information and reducing healthcare provider biases through education are essential steps towards meeting reproductive health needs and advancing sustainable development.