Background: Although cervical cancer death rate has reduced globally, it is still a major concern in the world more so in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC). Screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is important in the prevention of cervical cancer. Aim: To compare and assess the two cytological screening techniques: The first one, the Conventional Pap Smear (CPS); the second one, the Liquid-Based Cytology (LBC) with the aim to determine how effective these two techniques are in the diagnosis of CIN before finally concluding which method was suitable for cervical cancer screening. Patients, Material and Method: This work aims to assess and contrast two cytology screening tests; the CPS and LBC particularly in relation to detection of CIN. This study was cross-sectional and conducted over a 12 months at a private clinic in Al Kut city; thus, the institutional ethics committee cleared the study, and participants provided their informed consent. Respectively, 300 PAP test were done, only A total of 200 women with abnormal PAP test with colposcopic biopsy were analyzed, endocervical samples obtained using the CPS and LBC methods, LBC was shown to provide superior sample adequacy, sensitivity and specificity. Result: Sample adequacy: in 200 cases. Adequate samples were obtained in 96% of the cases with LBC, and in 85% of the cases with CPS. As for CIN Detection Rates, LBC was more significant higher than CPS in detecting CIN (p < 0.05). Sensitivity and Specificity; LBC had a higher sensitivity today than CPS, 89% to 72%. LBC had also better specificity of 85% compared to CPS with a specificity of 68% the difference being statistically significant at p