Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at the Nano scale, at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometres, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. 1 nanometre is equal to 1 * 10^ -9. Nanotechnology offers the means to target chemotherapy directly and selectively to cancerous cells and neoplasm, guide in surgical resection of tumours, and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of radiation-based and current treatment modalities. All of this can add up to decreased risk to the patient and an increased probability of survival. As cancer is becoming the leading cause of deaths day by day so we need a proper treatment for that severe situation. We have many way of cancer treatment like surgeries, chemotherapy, hormone and immunotherapy’s cell transplant etc. But nanotechnology have the ability to raise the strength and selectivity biological physical and chemical approaches to obtain cancer cell death as well as decreasing the collateral toxicity to non-malignant cells. In this process the cancer cells are increasingly targeted by the material on nanoscale by active and passive targeting with great accuracy. Here we will discuss about the nanotechnology for cancer treatment by target drug delivery.